Flat Feet: causes, symptoms and treatment

Flat feet are a condition characterized by the partial or complete collapse of the foot’s medial arch. This condition can lead to foot pain, postural issues, and discomfort while walking. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and being aware of available treatment options are essential to improving quality of life.

What are flat feet?

Flat feet are characterized by a collapsed arch. Visually, the foot shows little to no curvature, and this flattening becomes much more noticeable when standing.

This condition alters the way pressure is distributed across the foot and can cause pain under the arch, in the heel, or in the forefoot. Let’s take a closer look at the associated symptoms.

• Flat feet can be present from birth or develop over time.

• There are two main types: congenital flat feet (present at birth) and acquired flat feet (developing later in life).

• Congenital flat feet are typically caused by underdeveloped muscles and ligaments in the foot, which prevent the arch from forming properly.

• Acquired flat feet are caused by a deformity of the foot that results in a change in the position of the foot bones. Several factors can lead to the development of flat feet. These include degenerative or inflammatory diseases affecting the tarsal joints (such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis), functional problems (ankle instability, posterior tibial muscle dysfunction, leg length discrepancy), or trauma (fractures, ligament tears).

Several factors can contribute to the development or worsening of flat feet. Being overweight puts additional pressure on the arch of the foot, which can lead to progressive fatigue of the tendons and ligaments that support the arch. 

Age also plays an important role: over time, decreased tissue elasticity and loss of muscle tone can contribute to the collapse of the arch of the foot. Certain conditions, such as diabetes, can aggravate the situation by altering sensitivity and the ability to detect pain or discomfort associated with flat feet.

To limit the impact of these factors, it is recommended to take simple but effective preventive measures. Specific muscle strengthening of the foot through regular exercise helps to support and revitalize the arch of the foot. In addition, maintaining a stable and healthy weight reduces the load on the foot. Finally, regular physical activity, combined with appropriate footwear choices, helps to preserve foot health and prevent the progression of deformities.

The treatment of flat feet is based on personalized care by a healthcare professional. An initial assessment provides a better understanding of the situation, measures the extent of the deformity, and guides the patient toward the most appropriate solutions.

Custom-made foot orthotics

Custom-made foot orthotics are the gold standard solution for correcting flat feet and relieving associated pain. Made from comfortable materials and tailored to the patient’s morphology, they reinforce the arch of the foot by providing targeted support. They distribute pressure optimally, reduce muscle fatigue, and prevent sprains or falls due to poor footing. In addition, orthotics limit the progression of deformities and improve stability when walking.

Adapted orthopedic shoes

Wearing orthopedic shoes specially designed for flat feet effectively complements treatment. These shoes respect the anatomy of the foot, prevent compression of the arches and toes, and improve walking comfort. The sole is generally rigid with sufficient cushioning, and its height does not exceed one inch to ensure stable and natural support.

Complementary approaches

In addition to mechanical support, muscle strengthening exercises and specific stretches help improve posture and foot function. Weight management and appropriate physical activity also reinforce overall care.

Médicus expertise: professional support for your flat feet

At Médicus, over 65 years of experience in podiatry and orthopedics ensure recognized expertise in the treatment of flat feet. Our professionals use their expertise and in-depth knowledge of the foot to recommend personalized solutions tailored to each situation.

Our personalized approach combines custom orthotics and advice on orthopedic footwear. We aim to provide lasting pain relief, prevent complications, and ensure optimal comfort for your daily activities.